@article{b36389af758a4459b42f78a17edf7554,
title = "BioSAXS measurements reveal that two antimicrobial peptides induce similar molecular changes in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria",
abstract = "Two highly active short broad-spectrum AMPs (14D and 69D) with unknown mode of action have been investigated in regards to their effect against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements using a cell density of 108 cfu/ml resulted in values between 16 and 32 µg/ml. Time-kill experiments using 108 cfu/ml revealed complete killing, except for 69D in combination with MRSA, where bacterial load was reduced a million times. Small-angle X-ray scattering of biological samples (BioSAXS) at 108 cfu/ml was applied to investigate the ultrastructural changes in E. coli and MRSA in response to these two broad-spectrum AMPs. In addition, electron microscopy (EM) was performed to visualize the treated and non-treated bacteria. As expected, the scattering curves generated using BioSAXS show the ultrastructure of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to be very different (BioSAXS is not susceptible to the outer shape). After treatment with either peptide, the scattering curves of E. coli and MRSA cells are much more alike. Whereas in EM, it is notoriously difficult to observe changes for spherical Gram-positives; the BioSAXS results are superior and reveal strongly similar effects for both peptides induced in Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Given the high-throughput possibility and robust statistics, BioSAXS can support and speed up mode of action research in AMPs and other antimicrobial compounds, making a contribution toward the development of urgently needed drugs against resistant bacteria",
keywords = "antimicrobial peptide, mode of action, SAXS, MRSA, electron microscopy, E. coli, Electron microscopy, Antimicrobial peptide, Mode of action",
author = "{von Gundlach}, Andreas and Ashby, {Martin P.} and Jurnorain Gani and Lopez-Perez, {Paula Matilde} and Alan Cookson and Sharon Huws and Christoph Rumancev and Garamus, {Vasil M.} and Ralf Mikut and Axel Rosenhahn and Kai Hilpert",
note = "Funding Information: KH thanks the St George{\textquoteright}s University of London for a start-up grant. RM was funded by the BIFTM program of the Helmholtz Association. The work was funded by the Virtual Institute VH-VI-403 (Helmholtz Society) and the BMBF project 05K16PC1. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology funded the open access publishing fee. Funding Information: KH thanks the St George's University of London for a start-up grant. RM was funded by the BIFTM program of the Helmholtz Association. The work was funded by the Virtual Institute VH-VI-403 (Helmholtz Society) and the BMBF project 05K16PC1. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology funded the open access publishing fee. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 von Gundlach, Ashby, Gani, Lopez-Perez, Cookson, Ann Huws, Rumancev, Garamus, Mikut, Rosenhahn and Hilpert. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "26",
doi = "10.3389/fphar.2019.01127",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
journal = "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
issn = "1663-9812",
publisher = "Frontiers Media SA",
number = "SEP",
}