@article{1c7b1f8441d944018efb6052e17e8b1b,
title = "Floodwater farming and quarrying at Jabal Hamra Arlbieg in the Jordanian desert: Economic support for the classical period Faynan Orefield",
abstract = "Recent research has shown that the Faynan Orefield was a scene of intensive metal production during the Classical Period, but the infrastructure supporting this activity is less well known. We present evidence for previously undetected floodwater-farming and quarrying, which contributed to the economic life of the Faynan complex during Classical times. The site is located on an ancient route, south of the main orefield. We describe the hydrological control features of the floodwater farm and a possible place of habitation. Pollen analysis suggests that olives and cereals were cultivated. Exposures of sediment sequences containing buried walls, and ceramics both within and upon these sediments, all indicate that the activity took place during Nabatean to Late Roman/Byzantine times. Two ancient quarried areas were distinguished from natural landforms by a combination of geomorphic properties and variations in the geochemistry of the Mn-Fe rich desert varnish on long-exposed and quarried rock surfaces. Essentially uncontaminated by metal pollution, the site provided uncontaminated produce and building stone to the Faynan Orefield. Sediments and soils on the site are essentially unpolluted.",
keywords = "Floodwater farming, Irrigation, Olives, Quarrying, Desert varnish, WADI-FAYNAN, ANCIENT, NEGEV, METALLURGY, LANDSCAPE, RECONSTRUCTION, AGRICULTURE, HIGHLANDS, CLIMATE, SYSTEMS",
author = "Hannah Friedman and Russell Adams and James Anderson and Patrick Byrne and David Gilbertson and John Grattan and Keith Haylock and Lindsay Holman and Hunt, {Chris O.} and Harry Toland",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, and especially the late Dr. Fawwaz Kraysheh for their support of the Barqa Landscape Project. The project was funded during the 2009 and 2010 seasons by a Standard Research Grant (No. 410-2008-0783) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to Russell Adams (PI, then at McMaster University), and during the 2013 field season by a University of Waterloo/SSHRC 4A Award (SSHRC #410-2012-1462). The authors thank staff and student volunteers involved in the project. We thank the American Center for Oriental Research in Amman and its Director Dr. Barbara Porter and administrator Mrs. Kathy Nimri for their continued support and assistance, Professor David Kennedy and the Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East; and Antony Smith for the creation of the diagrams. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103056",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports",
issn = "2352-409X",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}