@article{55fdc0d4aa3e433f8a882098b1372ac5,
title = "High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth{\textquoteright}s tidal wetlands",
abstract = "Tidal wetlands are expected to respond dynamically to global environmental change, but the extent to which wetland losses have been offset by gains remains poorly understood. We developed a global analysis of satellite data to simultaneously monitor change in three highly interconnected intertidal ecosystem types-tidal flats, tidal marshes, and mangroves-from 1999 to 2019. Globally, 13,700 square kilometers of tidal wetlands have been lost, but these have been substantially offset by gains of 9700 km(2), leading to a net change of -4000 km(2) over two decades. We found that 27% of these losses and gains were associated with direct human activities such as conversion to agriculture and restoration of lost wetlands. All other changes were attributed to indirect drivers, including the effects of coastal processes and climate change.",
keywords = "WATER INDEX NDWI, MANGROVE FORESTS, ASSESSING ACCURACY, COASTAL, AREA, VULNERABILITY, WORLD, Climate Change, Humans, Geographic Mapping, Agriculture, Wetlands",
author = "Nicholas Murray and Worthington, {Thomas A.} and Pete Bunting and Stephanie Duce and Valerie Hagger and Lovelock, {Catherine E.} and Richard Lucas and Megan Saunders and Marcus Sheaves and Mark Spalding and Nathan Waltham and Mitchell Lyons",
note = "Funding Information: We thank R. Canto, M. Toor, and N. Y. C{\'a}rdenas for assistance wi developing the training data. Landsat data are courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the US Geological Survey. We thank the Google Earth Engine team for providing Earth Engine, and M Dewitt and N Clinton for assistance with rocessin Landsat covariates in Earth Engine. This work was supported by the following: Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE190100101 (N.J.M.); Australian Research Council Discovery Australian Laureate Fellowship FL200100133 (C.E.L.); Julius Career Award from CSIRO (M.I.S.); Australian Research Council Linkage grant LP170101171 (V.H.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved;",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1126/science.abm9583",
language = "English",
volume = "376",
pages = "744--749",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6594",
}
