Introduction to the state of the art and relevant aspects of the applications of adsorption for environmental safety and sustainability

We are in the midst of a rising crisis ensuing from environmental contamination, which is mainly caused by industrial and domestic activities, as well as the significant amount of these contaminants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic activities, which disrupts atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial systems. Thus, there is an urgent necessity for innovative approaches based on biosorbents for the removal of these contaminants, owing to the unique features of biosorbents, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and renewability. Hence, this chapter aims to present the development, utilization, and applications of the adsorption of heavy metals and dyes for reasons of environmental sustainability and safety.