@article{c61eb661338d47de8fdd126bca706e0d,
title = "Magnetospheric ion composition spectrometer onboard the CRRES spacecraft",
abstract = "The magnetospheric ion composition spectrometer (MICS) in the CRRES scientific payload utilizes time-of-flight and energy spectroscopy in combination with an electrostatic entrance filter to measure the mass A, energy E, and ionic charge Q of particles with energies between 1 keV/charge and 430 keV/charge. An advanced ogive design of the electrostatic filter system provides a narrow angle of acceptance and high sensitivity. Incident particles are postaccelerated prior to entering the detection segment in order to improve the resolution at the lower end of the useful energy range. The principle features of the MICS spectrometer are described in some detail. Selected data gathered in-flight are shown as an illustration of the instrument performance in the operational orbit.",
keywords = "mass spectrometers, combined release and radiation effect satellite, spacecrafts, spectroscopy, sensor systems, power supplies, magnestospheres, solar wind, telemetry system, data acquisition",
author = "B. Wilken and W. Wei{\ss} and D. Hall and M. Grande and F. S{\o}raas and Fennell, {J. F.}",
note = "Funding Information: support from the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften. Grants were received from the USAF Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR 85-0237 (MPAe and RAL) and from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities to the University of Bergen. The data processing unit and instrument integration were supported at the Aerospace Corporation under Air Force Space Systems Division Contract F 04701-88-C-0089. The MICS/CRRES signal conditioning unit was designed by the MPAe and jointly manufactured together with the University of Bergen (UoB), Bergen, Norway. Design and production of the toroidal analyzer and the high-voltage generators (WPS and HVPS) were contributions of the Rutherford-Appleton Labs. (RAL), Oxford, England, UK. The Aerospace Corporation (AC), Los Angeles, assumed responsibility for the DPU design, fabrication, and software development including verification of the onboard sorting process. Production of the detector system, assembly of the MICS unit, electronic characterization and beam calibration of the spectrometer was in the authority of MPAe. The MICS-CR-RES experimenter team truly acknowledges the technical and engineering assistance and support received from S. Njaastad and A. Solberg (both UoB), K.-H. Otto, H. Sommer, and H. Wirbs (all MPAe), K. Slater (RAL), and N. Katz, S. Imamoto, S. Pinkerton (all AC). We also would like to express our thanks to Meier-Komor, Technische Universitat, Munchen, for the provision of high-quality carbon foils for the time-of-flight spectrometer. We are also indebted to P. Lew (AC) for the preparation of the real-time quick look plots. Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "1992",
doi = "10.2514/3.25503",
language = "English",
volume = "29",
pages = "585--591",
journal = "Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets",
issn = "0022-4650",
publisher = "American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. (AIAA)",
number = "4",
}