TY - JOUR
T1 - Non‐targeted metabolite profiling reveals host metabolomic reprogramming during the interaction of black pepper with phytophthora capsici
AU - Kattupalli, Divya
AU - Pinski, Artur
AU - Sreekumar, Sweda
AU - Usha, Aswathi
AU - Girija, Aiswarya
AU - Beckmann, Manfred
AU - Mur, Luis Alejandro Jose
AU - Eppurathu Vasudevan, Soniya
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful for the support provided by the Department of Bio‐ technology (DBT), India, and Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC), United Kingdom, which supported this work funding.
Funding Information:
This work was executed in IBERS, Aberystwyth University, UK and in Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, India. The work was funded by Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC), UK through Split?Site (PhD) scholarship. The funders have no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish or the preparation of the manuscript.Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful for the support provided by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India, and Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC), United Kingdom, which supported this work funding.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10/22
Y1 - 2021/10/22
N2 - Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive pathogens causing quick wilt (foot rot) disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to which no effective resistance has been defined. To better understand the P. nigrum–P. capsici pathosystem, we employed metabolomic approaches based on flow‐infusion electrospray–high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Changes in the leaf metabolome were assessed in infected and systemic tissues at 24 and 48 hpi. Principal Component Analysis of the derived data indicated that the infected leaves showed a rapid metabolic response by 24 hpi whereas the systemic leaves took 48 hpi to respond to the infection. The major sources of variations between infected leaf and systemic leaf were identified, and enrichment pathway analysis indicated, major shifts in amino acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleotide and vitamin B6 metabolism upon infection. Moreover, the individual metabolites involved in defensive phytohormone signalling were identified. RT‐qPCR analysis of key salicylate and jasmonate biosynthetic genes indicated a transient reduction of expression at 24 hpi but this increased subsequently. Exogenous application of jasmonate and salicylate reduced P. capsici disease symptoms, but this effect was suppressed with the co‐application of abscisic acid. The results are consistent with abscisic acid reprogramming, sa-licylate and jasmonate defences in infected leaves to facilitate the formation of disease. The augmen-tation of salicylate and jasmonate defences could represent an approach through which quick wilt disease could be controlled in black pepper.
AB - Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive pathogens causing quick wilt (foot rot) disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to which no effective resistance has been defined. To better understand the P. nigrum–P. capsici pathosystem, we employed metabolomic approaches based on flow‐infusion electrospray–high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Changes in the leaf metabolome were assessed in infected and systemic tissues at 24 and 48 hpi. Principal Component Analysis of the derived data indicated that the infected leaves showed a rapid metabolic response by 24 hpi whereas the systemic leaves took 48 hpi to respond to the infection. The major sources of variations between infected leaf and systemic leaf were identified, and enrichment pathway analysis indicated, major shifts in amino acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleotide and vitamin B6 metabolism upon infection. Moreover, the individual metabolites involved in defensive phytohormone signalling were identified. RT‐qPCR analysis of key salicylate and jasmonate biosynthetic genes indicated a transient reduction of expression at 24 hpi but this increased subsequently. Exogenous application of jasmonate and salicylate reduced P. capsici disease symptoms, but this effect was suppressed with the co‐application of abscisic acid. The results are consistent with abscisic acid reprogramming, sa-licylate and jasmonate defences in infected leaves to facilitate the formation of disease. The augmen-tation of salicylate and jasmonate defences could represent an approach through which quick wilt disease could be controlled in black pepper.
KW - Abscisic acid
KW - Jasmonic acid
KW - Metabolomics
KW - Piper nigrum
KW - Quick wilt
KW - Salicylic acid
KW - Cyclopentanes/metabolism
KW - Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
KW - Salicylates/metabolism
KW - Plant Leaves/metabolism
KW - Phytophthora/classification
KW - Metabolome
KW - Oxylipins/metabolism
KW - Plant Diseases/parasitology
KW - Piper nigrum/metabolism
KW - Principal Component Analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117462940&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms222111433
DO - 10.3390/ijms222111433
M3 - Article
C2 - 34768864
AN - SCOPUS:85117462940
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 22
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 21
M1 - 11433
ER -