@article{04843c962f944ffea2badebed20dde64,
title = "The Automation of Science",
abstract = "The basis of science is the hypothetico-deductive method and the recording of experiments in sufficient detail to enable reproducibility. We report the development of Robot Scientist 'Adam,' which advances the automation of both. Adam has autonomously generated functional genomics hypotheses about the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and experimentally tested these hypotheses by using laboratory automation. We have confirmed Adam's conclusions through manual experiments. To describe Adam's research, we have developed an ontology and logical language. The resulting formalization involves over 10,000 different research units in a nested treelike structure, 10 levels deep, that relates the 6.6 million biomass measurements to their logical description. This formalization describes how a machine contributed to scientific knowledge.",
keywords = "Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Computational Biology, Computers, Enzymes/genetics, Genes, Fungal, Genomics, Programming Languages, Robotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology, Software",
author = "King, {Ross Donald} and Rowland, {Jeremy John} and Oliver, {Stephen G.} and Michael Young and Wayne Aubrey and Byrne, {Emma Louise} and Maria Liakata and Magdalena Markham and Pinar Pir and Soldatova, {Larisa Nikolaevna} and Sparkes, {Andrew Charles} and Whelan, {Kenneth Edward} and Clare, {Amanda Janet}",
note = "King, R. D., Rowland, J., Oliver, S. G., Young, M., Aubrey, W., Byrne, E.,Liakata, M., Markham, M., Pir, P., Soldatova, L. N., Sparkes, A., Whelan, K. E., Clare, A. (2009). The automation of science. Science, 3 April 2009, 85-89. Sponsorship: BBSRC/ Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition of 1851/ EPSRC/Royal Academy of Engineering/RC-UK IMPF: 29.75 RONO: 00 ",
year = "2009",
month = apr,
day = "3",
doi = "10.1126/science.1165620",
language = "English",
volume = "324",
pages = "85--89",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "5923",
}