The distribution of plant fossils and their palaeoecology in Duckmantian (Bashkirian, Lower Pennsylvanian) strata at Brymbo, North Wales, UK

Plant fossils are recorded and described from Duckmantian clastic strata associated with coal seams in a small conserved area at Brymbo in the Wrexham (North Wales) coalfield. The exceptionally preserved flora consists of adpressions in mudstones, shales, and sandstones, more three‐dimensionally preserved plant remains in ironstone nodules, and three‐dimensionally preserved stems in their original positions of growth. The relationships of the plant fossils to the sediments are discussed and related to the varying conditions affecting the ecology of the area. Sometimes the influx of sediments was very rapid as can be seen by the numbers of erect and branching Calamites, arborescent lycophyte stems, and stigmarian bases preserved in sandstone in their original positions of growth