Abstract
The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and the US response have been widely described as heralding a new kind of war. For over a decade previous to 11 September, however, a body of literature had developed arguing that during the 1990s a new kind of warfare had begun to emerge for the West. This article examines whether 11 September and its immediate aftermath – the US campaign in Afghanistan – confirmed these trends, or whether it really did constitute a different kind of war. It does so through a four-part framework: that during the 1990s wars were localised; that the enemy was not a state but a regime or individual leader; that civilian deaths should be minimised; and that wars were fought on behalf of the West by professionals, but that the risks to these forces should also be minimised.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 165-184 |
Number of pages | 20 |
Journal | Review of International Studies |
Volume | 29 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Apr 2003 |
Keywords
- new wars
- september 11
- afghan war 2001-2
- operation enduring freedom