@article{a38ee667cec140fa96b8dcca560b8984,
title = "A longitudinal examination of perinatal testosterone, estradiol and vitamin D as predictors of handedness outcomes in childhood and adolescence",
abstract = "The developmental origins of handedness remain elusive, though very early emergence suggests individual differences manifesting in utero could play an important role. Prenatal testosterone and Vitamin D exposure are considered, yet findings and interpretations remain equivocal. We examined n = 767 offspring from a population-based pregnancy cohort (The Raine Study) for whom early biological data and childhood/adolescent handedness data were available. We tested whether 18-week maternal circulatory Vitamin D (25[OH]D), and testosterone and estradiol from umbilical cord blood sampled at birth predicted variance in direction of hand preference (right/left), along with right- and left-hand speed, and the strength and direction of relative hand skill as measured by a finger-tapping task completed at 10 (Y10) and/or 16 (Y16) years. Although higher concentrations of Vitamin D predicted more leftward and less lateralized (regardless of direction) relative hand skill profiles, taken as a whole, statistically significant findings typically did not replicate across time-point (Y10/Y16) or sex (male/female) and were rarely detected across different (bivariate/multivariate) levels of analysis. Considering the number of statistical tests and generally inconsistent findings, our results suggest that perinatal testosterone and estradiol contribute minimally, if at all, to subsequent variance in handedness. Vitamin D, however, may be of interest in future studies.",
keywords = "Estradiol, Handedness, Prenatal development, Testosterone, Vitamin D, Humans, Male, Functional Laterality, Hand, Pregnancy, Adolescent, Female, Infant, Newborn",
author = "Gareth Richards and Tan, {Diana Weiting} and Whitehouse, {Andrew J.O.} and {Chris McManus}, I. and Beaton, {Alan A.} and Martha Hickey and Maybery, {Murray T.} and Licari, {Melissa K.} and Lauren Lawson",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge The Raine Study participants and their families for their ongoing participation in the study and The Raine Study team for study co-ordination and data collection. We also thank the NHMRC for their long-term contribution to funding the study over the last 30 years. The core management of The Raine Study is funded by The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Telethon Kids Institute, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, The University of Notre Dame Australia and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. The collection and analysis of prenatal hormone data were funded by The University of Western Australia, School of Women{\textquoteright}s and Infants{\textquoteright} Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, and Telethon Kids Institute. The NHMRC project grant 1022134 funded the serum 25(OH)D assays that were conducted by RDDT in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Raine Study Gen2-10 year follow-up was funded by the NHMRC and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. The Raine Study Gen2-22 year follow-up was funded by NHMRC project grants 1027449, 1044840 and 1021858. Funding was also generously provided by Safe Work Australia. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2022",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1080/1357650X.2022.2109656",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
pages = "547--580",
journal = "Laterality",
issn = "1357-650X",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis",
number = "6",
}