TY - JOUR
T1 - Barcode UK
T2 - A complete DNA barcoding resource for the flowering plants and conifers of the United Kingdom
AU - Jones, Laura E.
AU - Twyford, Alex D.
AU - Ford, Col R.
AU - Rich, Tim C. G.
AU - Davies, Helena
AU - Forrest, Laura L.
AU - Hart, Michelle L.
AU - McHaffie, Heather
AU - Brown, Max R.
AU - Hollingsworth, Peter M.
AU - De Vere, Natasha
N1 - Funding Information:
Natasha de Vere has received funding through the Welsh Government Rural Communities – Rural Development Programme 2014–2020, which is funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the Welsh Government. Laura Jones and Natasha de Vere have received funding through the Welsh Government's Enabling Natural Resources and Well‐being in Wales Grants (ENRaW).
Funding Information:
We thank J. Moughan, A. Griffith, A. Lowe, E. Chapman, C. Long, S. Trinder, C.W. Moore, E. Brittain, D. Satterthwaite, and A. Sweeney for their help collecting and processing specimens. Thank you to the vice-county recorders of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland for plant record data. Natasha de Vere has received funding through the Welsh Government Rural Communities ? Rural Development Programme 2014?2020, which is funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the Welsh Government. Laura Jones and Natasha de Vere have received funding through the Welsh Government's Enabling Natural Resources and Well-being in Wales Grants (ENRaW).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2021/7/18
Y1 - 2021/7/18
N2 - DNA barcoding and metabarcoding provide new avenues for investigating biological systems. These techniques require well‐curated reference libraries with extensive coverage. Generating an exhaustive national DNA barcode reference library can open up new avenues of research in ecology, evolution and conservation, yet few studies to date have created such a resource. In plant DNA barcoding, herbarium collections provide taxonomically robust material but also pose challenges in lab processing. Here we present a national DNA barcoding resource covering all of the native flowering plants and conifers of the United Kingdom. This represents 1,482 plant species, with the majority of specimens (81%) sourced from herbaria. Using Sanger sequencing of the plant DNA barcode markers, rbcL, matK, and ITS2, at least one DNA barcode was retrieved from 98% of the UK flora. We sampled from multiple individuals, resulting in a species coverage for rbcL of 96% (4,477 sequences), 90% for matK (3,259 sequences) and 75% for ITS2 (2,585 sequences). Sequence recovery was lower for herbarium material compared to fresh collections, with the age of the specimen having a significant effect on the success of sequence recovery. Species level discrimination was highest with ITS2, however, the ability to successfully retrieve a sequence was lowest for this region. Analyses of the genetic distinctiveness of species across a complete flora showed DNA barcoding to be informative for all but the most taxonomically complex groups. The UK flora DNA barcode reference library provides an important resource for many applications that require plant identification from DNA
AB - DNA barcoding and metabarcoding provide new avenues for investigating biological systems. These techniques require well‐curated reference libraries with extensive coverage. Generating an exhaustive national DNA barcode reference library can open up new avenues of research in ecology, evolution and conservation, yet few studies to date have created such a resource. In plant DNA barcoding, herbarium collections provide taxonomically robust material but also pose challenges in lab processing. Here we present a national DNA barcoding resource covering all of the native flowering plants and conifers of the United Kingdom. This represents 1,482 plant species, with the majority of specimens (81%) sourced from herbaria. Using Sanger sequencing of the plant DNA barcode markers, rbcL, matK, and ITS2, at least one DNA barcode was retrieved from 98% of the UK flora. We sampled from multiple individuals, resulting in a species coverage for rbcL of 96% (4,477 sequences), 90% for matK (3,259 sequences) and 75% for ITS2 (2,585 sequences). Sequence recovery was lower for herbarium material compared to fresh collections, with the age of the specimen having a significant effect on the success of sequence recovery. Species level discrimination was highest with ITS2, however, the ability to successfully retrieve a sequence was lowest for this region. Analyses of the genetic distinctiveness of species across a complete flora showed DNA barcoding to be informative for all but the most taxonomically complex groups. The UK flora DNA barcode reference library provides an important resource for many applications that require plant identification from DNA
KW - conifers
KW - DNA barcoding
KW - flowering plants
KW - UK
KW - Tracheophyta/classification
KW - DNA, Plant/genetics
KW - United Kingdom
KW - DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
KW - Magnoliopsida/classification
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103429138&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/1755-0998.13388
DO - 10.1111/1755-0998.13388
M3 - Article
C2 - 33749162
SN - 1755-098X
VL - 21
SP - 2050
EP - 2062
JO - Molecular Ecology Resources
JF - Molecular Ecology Resources
IS - 6
ER -