TY - JOUR
T1 - Design catalogue for eco-engineering of coastal artificial structures
T2 - a multifunctional approach for stakeholders and end-users
AU - O'Shaughnessy, Kathryn A.
AU - Hawkins, Stephen J.
AU - Evans, Ally
AU - Hanley, Mick E.
AU - Lunt, Paul
AU - Thompson, Richard C.
AU - Francis, Robert A.
AU - Hoggart, Simon P. G.
AU - Moore, Pippa
AU - Iglesias, Gregorio
AU - Simmonds, David
AU - Ducker, James
AU - Firth, Louise B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge all those who have contributed information and photographs to this work. The individual stages of research were supported by the European Commission DELOS project (“Environmental Design of Low Crested Coastal Defence Structures”); and the THESEUS project (“Innovative technologies for safer European coasts in a changing climate”). Supplementary funding was provided by the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation (URBANE; “Urban Research on Biodiversity on Artificial and Natural coastal Environments: enhancing biodiversity by sensitive design”); Marine Ecological Solutions Ltd.; KESS (“Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships”; part-funded by the European Social Fund [ESF] through the European Union’s Convergence Programme [West Wales and the Valleys] administered by the Welsh Government); the Ecostructure project (part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund [ERDF] through the Ireland Wales Cooperation Programme 2014-2020); the British Ecological Society [small grant: 5546-6590]; and the Royal Society [International Exchanges Grant: IE150435].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - Coastal urbanisation, energy extraction, food production, shipping and transportation have led to the global proliferation of artificial structures within the coastal and marine environments (sensu “ocean sprawl”), with subsequent loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. To mitigate and compensate impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of artificial structures has been developed over the past decade. Eco-engineering aims to create sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with the natural environment for the benefit of both. The science of eco-engineering has grown markedly, yet synthesis of research into a user-friendly and practitioner-focused format is lacking. Feedback from stakeholders has repeatedly stated that a “photo user guide” or “manual” covering the range of eco-engineering options available for artificial structures would be beneficial. However, a detailed and structured “user guide” for eco-engineering in coastal and marine environments is not yet possible; therefore we present an accessible review and catalogue of trialled eco-engineering options and a summary of guidance for a range of different structures tailored for stakeholders and end-users as the first step towards a structured manual. This work can thus serve as a potential template for future eco-engineering guides. Here we provide suggestions for potential eco-engineering designs to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services of coastal artificial structures with the following structures covered: (1) rock revetment, breakwaters and groynes composed of armour stones or concrete units; (2) vertical and sloping seawalls; (3) over-water structures (i.e., piers) and associated support structures; and (4) tidal river walls
AB - Coastal urbanisation, energy extraction, food production, shipping and transportation have led to the global proliferation of artificial structures within the coastal and marine environments (sensu “ocean sprawl”), with subsequent loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. To mitigate and compensate impacts of ocean sprawl, the practice of eco-engineering of artificial structures has been developed over the past decade. Eco-engineering aims to create sustainable ecosystems that integrate human society with the natural environment for the benefit of both. The science of eco-engineering has grown markedly, yet synthesis of research into a user-friendly and practitioner-focused format is lacking. Feedback from stakeholders has repeatedly stated that a “photo user guide” or “manual” covering the range of eco-engineering options available for artificial structures would be beneficial. However, a detailed and structured “user guide” for eco-engineering in coastal and marine environments is not yet possible; therefore we present an accessible review and catalogue of trialled eco-engineering options and a summary of guidance for a range of different structures tailored for stakeholders and end-users as the first step towards a structured manual. This work can thus serve as a potential template for future eco-engineering guides. Here we provide suggestions for potential eco-engineering designs to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services of coastal artificial structures with the following structures covered: (1) rock revetment, breakwaters and groynes composed of armour stones or concrete units; (2) vertical and sloping seawalls; (3) over-water structures (i.e., piers) and associated support structures; and (4) tidal river walls
KW - Biodiversity
KW - Coastal management
KW - Ecological engineering
KW - Green infrastructure
KW - Nature-based solutions
KW - Ocean sprawl
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077147465&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11252-019-00924-z
DO - 10.1007/s11252-019-00924-z
M3 - Article
SN - 1083-8155
VL - 23
SP - 431
EP - 443
JO - Urban Ecosystems
JF - Urban Ecosystems
IS - 2
ER -
