Developing various hybrid energy systems for residential application as an appropriate and reliable way to achieve Energy sustainability

Damghan city is an area in Iran that has the suitable potential for energy supply by renewable energy. The average wind speed for Damghan is 3.54 m/s, and solar radiation is 7.8 (h/d) that it shows good potential for energy supply. In this paper, four different models of hybrid renewable energy systems with a combination of photovoltaic panels, wind turbine, and diesel generators are investigated for residential application in Damghan city. Simulation, optimization, and modeling procedures are done by HOMER software. From the technical view, this study shows that among three hybrid systems investigated, PV-wind system has the highest value of electrical production with 18,478 kWh/yr and the PV-diesel system has the lowest value of electrical production with 9,876 kWh/yr. Moreover, from the environmental view, the PV- Diesel system is highest with 2,402 kg/yr and the PV-wind system has the lowest pollution rate, i.e., 0%. These results show that long-term planning for investing in renewable energies is proper for this city.