Going Green: Achieving the Circular Economy with Sustainable Biorefineries, Process Scale-Up, and Fermentation Optimization

To develop new biorefining technologies and bioenergy processes pilot-scale pretreatment and fermentation facilities are important. To advance this field focus needs to be on integrated systems such as wireless technologies, software, hardware, process optimization statistical methods, and sensor-based technologies are necessary for biorefining and bioenergy processes. Sensor- and software-based control and monitoring technologies will help to provide early warning systems. Understanding the microbial and fermentation process through molecular techniques helps process optimization. Anaerobic digestion can be used as a final step for waste streams in a circular economy. In addition, new demonstration plants need to be built.