Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region

W. R. Dunn; D. M. Weigt; D. Grodent; Z. H. Yao; D. May; K. Feigelman; B. Sipos; D. Fleming; S. McEntee; B. Bonfond; G. R. Gladstone; R. E. Johnson; C. M. Jackman; R. L. Guo; G. Branduardi-Raymont; A. D. Wibisono; R. P. Kraft; J. D. Nichols; L. C. Ray

doi:10.1029/2021gl097390

Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region

W. R. Dunn^*, D. M. Weigt, D. Grodent, Z. H. Yao, D. May, K. Feigelman, B. Sipos, D. Fleming, S. McEntee, B. Bonfond, G. R. Gladstone, R. E. Johnson, C. M. Jackman, R. L. Guo, G. Branduardi-Raymont, A. D. Wibisono, R. P. Kraft, J. D. Nichols, L. C. Ray

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Physics

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Abstract

We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021GL097390
Number of pages	13
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	49
Issue number	11
Early online date	07 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097390
Publication status	Published - 16 Jun 2022

Keywords

Space Sciences
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
Airglow and aurora
IONOSPHERE
Auroral ionosphere
Current systems
MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS
Auroral phenomena
Cusp
Field‐aligned currents and current systems
Polar cap phenomena
Research Letter
Jupiter
Hubble Space Telescope
magnetosphere
dark polar region
aurora
Chandra X‐ray Observatory

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ArticleFinal published version, 2.43 MBLicence: CC BY
Supporting InformationFinal published version, 26.6 MBLicence: CC BY

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Dunn, W. R., Weigt, D. M., Grodent, D., Yao, Z. H., May, D., Feigelman, K., Sipos, B., Fleming, D., McEntee, S., Bonfond, B., Gladstone, G. R., Johnson, R. E., Jackman, C. M., Guo, R. L., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Wibisono, A. D., Kraft, R. P., Nichols, J. D., & Ray, L. C. (2022). Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(11), Article e2021GL097390. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097390

@article{afee5effd3024c3986ae312158eeabd7,

title = "Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region",

abstract = "We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.",

keywords = "Space Sciences, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, Airglow and aurora, IONOSPHERE, Auroral ionosphere, Current systems, MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS, Auroral phenomena, Cusp, Field‐aligned currents and current systems, Polar cap phenomena, Research Letter, Jupiter, Hubble Space Telescope, magnetosphere, dark polar region, aurora, Chandra X‐ray Observatory",

author = "Dunn, {W. R.} and Weigt, {D. M.} and D. Grodent and Yao, {Z. H.} and D. May and K. Feigelman and B. Sipos and D. Fleming and S. McEntee and B. Bonfond and Gladstone, {G. R.} and Johnson, {R. E.} and Jackman, {C. M.} and Guo, {R. L.} and G. Branduardi-Raymont and Wibisono, {A. D.} and Kraft, {R. P.} and Nichols, {J. D.} and Ray, {L. C.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors greatly thank the NASA Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope Projects for their support. WRD and GBR acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/S000240/1 to University College London (UCL). DMW is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship ST/S505703/1 and long‐term attachment grant to work at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). ADW was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (Project no. 2062546). DG and BB acknowledge the financial support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. BB is a Research Associate of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique‐FNRS. ZHY acknowledges the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant no. IGGCAS‐201904. ZHY was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 42074211 and Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant No. IGGCAS‐201904. GRG was supported through NASA funding through contract NNM06AA75C with Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. CMJ and SMcE work at DIAS are funded by Science Foundation Ireland Grant 18/FRL/6199. WRD would further like to thank the UKSA, UCL Widening Participation, and UCL Astro Group for the funding support for Orbyts. He also greatly thanks N. Achilleos, S. Badman, and D. Moral Pombo for their invaluable discussions and support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Authors.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1029/2021gl097390",

language = "English",

volume = "49",

journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",

issn = "0094-8276",

publisher = "Wiley",

number = "11",

}

Dunn, WR, Weigt, DM, Grodent, D, Yao, ZH, May, D, Feigelman, K, Sipos, B, Fleming, D, McEntee, S, Bonfond, B, Gladstone, GR, Johnson, RE, Jackman, CM, Guo, RL, Branduardi-Raymont, G, Wibisono, AD, Kraft, RP, Nichols, JD & Ray, LC 2022, 'Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 49, no. 11, e2021GL097390. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097390

TY - JOUR

T1 - Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region

AU - Dunn, W. R.

AU - Weigt, D. M.

AU - Grodent, D.

AU - Yao, Z. H.

AU - May, D.

AU - Feigelman, K.

AU - Sipos, B.

AU - Fleming, D.

AU - McEntee, S.

AU - Bonfond, B.

AU - Gladstone, G. R.

AU - Johnson, R. E.

AU - Jackman, C. M.

AU - Guo, R. L.

AU - Branduardi-Raymont, G.

AU - Wibisono, A. D.

AU - Kraft, R. P.

AU - Nichols, J. D.

AU - Ray, L. C.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors greatly thank the NASA Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope Projects for their support. WRD and GBR acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/S000240/1 to University College London (UCL). DMW is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) studentship ST/S505703/1 and long‐term attachment grant to work at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). ADW was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (Project no. 2062546). DG and BB acknowledge the financial support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. BB is a Research Associate of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique‐FNRS. ZHY acknowledges the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant no. IGGCAS‐201904. ZHY was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 42074211 and Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS, Grant No. IGGCAS‐201904. GRG was supported through NASA funding through contract NNM06AA75C with Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. CMJ and SMcE work at DIAS are funded by Science Foundation Ireland Grant 18/FRL/6199. WRD would further like to thank the UKSA, UCL Widening Participation, and UCL Astro Group for the funding support for Orbyts. He also greatly thanks N. Achilleos, S. Badman, and D. Moral Pombo for their invaluable discussions and support. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Authors.

PY - 2022/6/16

Y1 - 2022/6/16

N2 - We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.

AB - We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.

KW - Space Sciences

KW - ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

KW - Airglow and aurora

KW - IONOSPHERE

KW - Auroral ionosphere

KW - Current systems

KW - MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

KW - Auroral phenomena

KW - Cusp

KW - Field‐aligned currents and current systems

KW - Polar cap phenomena

KW - Research Letter

KW - Jupiter

KW - Hubble Space Telescope

KW - magnetosphere

KW - dark polar region

KW - aurora

KW - Chandra X‐ray Observatory

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132071763&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://cda.harvard.edu/chaser/

UR - https://archive.stsci.edu/doi/resolve/resolve.html?doi=10.17909/t9-1271-7f52

UR - https://archive.stsci.edu/proposal_search.php?mission=hst&id=14634

U2 - 10.1029/2021gl097390

DO - 10.1029/2021gl097390

M3 - Article

SN - 0094-8276

VL - 49

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 11

M1 - e2021GL097390

ER -

Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region

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