Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars

E. Carlsson; A. Fedorov; S. Barabash; E. Budnik; A. Grigoriev; H. Gunell; H. Nilsson; J. A. Sauvaud; R. Lundin; Y. Futaana; M. Holmström; H. Andersson; M. Yamauchi; J. D. Winningham; R. A. Frahm; J. R. Sharber; J. Scherrer; A. J. Coates; D. R. Linder; D. O. Kataria; E. Kallio; H. Koskinen; T. Säles; P. Riihelä; W. Schmidt; J. Kozyra; J. Luhmann; E. Roelof; D. Williams; S. Livi; C. C. Curtis; K. C. Hsieh; B. R. Sandel; M. Grande; M. Carter; J. J. Thocaven; S. McKenna-Lawler; S. Orsini; R. Cerulli-Irelli; M. Maggi; P. Wurz; P. Bochsler; N. Krupp; J. Woch; M. Fränz; K. Asamura; C. Dierker

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020

Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars

E. Carlsson, A. Fedorov, S. Barabash, E. Budnik, A. Grigoriev, H. Gunell, H. Nilsson, J. A. Sauvaud, R. Lundin, Y. Futaana, M. Holmström, H. Andersson, M. Yamauchi, J. D. Winningham, R. A. Frahm, J. R. Sharber, J. Scherrer, A. J. Coates, D. R. Linder, D. O. KatariaE. Kallio, H. Koskinen, T. Säles, P. Riihelä, W. Schmidt, J. Kozyra, J. Luhmann, E. Roelof, D. Williams, S. Livi, C. C. Curtis, K. C. Hsieh, B. R. Sandel, M. Grande, M. Carter, J. J. Thocaven, S. McKenna-Lawler, S. Orsini, R. Cerulli-Irelli, M. Maggi, P. Wurz, P. Bochsler, N. Krupp, J. Woch, M. Fränz, K. Asamura, C. Dierker

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO⁺₂/O⁺ and O⁺₂/O⁺. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO⁺₂/O⁺ = 0.2 and O⁺₂/O⁺ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O⁺₂/O⁺, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O⁺, followed by O⁺₂ and CO⁺₂. We estimate the loss of CO⁺₂ to be 4.0 × 10²⁴ s^-1 ( 0.29 kg s^-1 ) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	320-328
Number of pages	9
Journal	Icarus
Volume	182
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020
Publication status	Published - Jun 2006

Keywords

atmosphere
Ionospheres
Mars

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Carlsson, E., Fedorov, A., Barabash, S., Budnik, E., Grigoriev, A., Gunell, H., Nilsson, H., Sauvaud, J. A., Lundin, R., Futaana, Y., Holmström, M., Andersson, H., Yamauchi, M., Winningham, J. D., Frahm, R. A., Sharber, J. R., Scherrer, J., Coates, A. J., Linder, D. R., ... Dierker, C. (2006). Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars. Icarus, 182(2), 320-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020

@article{edeb84c6fca84092957bd706f2b6996a,

title = "Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars",

abstract = "Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO+2/O+ and O+2/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO+2/O+ = 0.2 and O+2/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O+2/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O+2 and CO+2. We estimate the loss of CO+2 to be 4.0 × 1024 s-1 ( 0.29 kg s-1 ) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.",

keywords = "atmosphere, Ionospheres, Mars",

author = "E. Carlsson and A. Fedorov and S. Barabash and E. Budnik and A. Grigoriev and H. Gunell and H. Nilsson and Sauvaud, {J. A.} and R. Lundin and Y. Futaana and M. Holmstr{\"o}m and H. Andersson and M. Yamauchi and Winningham, {J. D.} and Frahm, {R. A.} and Sharber, {J. R.} and J. Scherrer and Coates, {A. J.} and Linder, {D. R.} and Kataria, {D. O.} and E. Kallio and H. Koskinen and T. S{\"a}les and P. Riihel{\"a} and W. Schmidt and J. Kozyra and J. Luhmann and E. Roelof and D. Williams and S. Livi and Curtis, {C. C.} and Hsieh, {K. C.} and Sandel, {B. R.} and M. Grande and M. Carter and Thocaven, {J. J.} and S. McKenna-Lawler and S. Orsini and R. Cerulli-Irelli and M. Maggi and P. Wurz and P. Bochsler and N. Krupp and J. Woch and M. Fr{\"a}nz and K. Asamura and C. Dierker",

note = "Funding Information: The ASPERA-3 experiment on the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission is a joint effort between 15 laboratories in 10 countries, all sponsored by their national agencies. We thank all these agencies as well as the various departments/institutes hosting these efforts. We also acknowledge the Swedish National Space Board for their support of the main PI-institute and we are indebted to ESA for their courage in embarking on the Mars Express program, the first ESA mission to the red planet. Ella Carlsson also thanks the Swedish National Graduate School of Space Technology and the Kempe Foundation for financial support. Copyright: Copyright 2006 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2006",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020",

language = "English",

volume = "182",

pages = "320--328",

journal = "Icarus",

issn = "0019-1035",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "2",

}

Carlsson, E, Fedorov, A, Barabash, S, Budnik, E, Grigoriev, A, Gunell, H, Nilsson, H, Sauvaud, JA, Lundin, R, Futaana, Y, Holmström, M, Andersson, H, Yamauchi, M, Winningham, JD, Frahm, RA, Sharber, JR, Scherrer, J, Coates, AJ, Linder, DR, Kataria, DO, Kallio, E, Koskinen, H, Säles, T, Riihelä, P, Schmidt, W, Kozyra, J, Luhmann, J, Roelof, E, Williams, D, Livi, S, Curtis, CC, Hsieh, KC, Sandel, BR, Grande, M, Carter, M, Thocaven, JJ, McKenna-Lawler, S, Orsini, S, Cerulli-Irelli, R, Maggi, M, Wurz, P, Bochsler, P, Krupp, N, Woch, J, Fränz, M, Asamura, K & Dierker, C 2006, 'Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars', Icarus, vol. 182, no. 2, pp. 320-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars

AU - Carlsson, E.

AU - Fedorov, A.

AU - Barabash, S.

AU - Budnik, E.

AU - Grigoriev, A.

AU - Gunell, H.

AU - Nilsson, H.

AU - Sauvaud, J. A.

AU - Lundin, R.

AU - Futaana, Y.

AU - Holmström, M.

AU - Andersson, H.

AU - Yamauchi, M.

AU - Winningham, J. D.

AU - Frahm, R. A.

AU - Sharber, J. R.

AU - Scherrer, J.

AU - Coates, A. J.

AU - Linder, D. R.

AU - Kataria, D. O.

AU - Kallio, E.

AU - Koskinen, H.

AU - Säles, T.

AU - Riihelä, P.

AU - Schmidt, W.

AU - Kozyra, J.

AU - Luhmann, J.

AU - Roelof, E.

AU - Williams, D.

AU - Livi, S.

AU - Curtis, C. C.

AU - Hsieh, K. C.

AU - Sandel, B. R.

AU - Grande, M.

AU - Carter, M.

AU - Thocaven, J. J.

AU - McKenna-Lawler, S.

AU - Orsini, S.

AU - Cerulli-Irelli, R.

AU - Maggi, M.

AU - Wurz, P.

AU - Bochsler, P.

AU - Krupp, N.

AU - Woch, J.

AU - Fränz, M.

AU - Asamura, K.

AU - Dierker, C.

N1 - Funding Information: The ASPERA-3 experiment on the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission is a joint effort between 15 laboratories in 10 countries, all sponsored by their national agencies. We thank all these agencies as well as the various departments/institutes hosting these efforts. We also acknowledge the Swedish National Space Board for their support of the main PI-institute and we are indebted to ESA for their courage in embarking on the Mars Express program, the first ESA mission to the red planet. Ella Carlsson also thanks the Swedish National Graduate School of Space Technology and the Kempe Foundation for financial support. Copyright: Copyright 2006 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2006/6

Y1 - 2006/6

N2 - Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO+2/O+ and O+2/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO+2/O+ = 0.2 and O+2/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O+2/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O+2 and CO+2. We estimate the loss of CO+2 to be 4.0 × 1024 s-1 ( 0.29 kg s-1 ) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.

AB - Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO+2/O+ and O+2/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO+2/O+ = 0.2 and O+2/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O+2/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O+2 and CO+2. We estimate the loss of CO+2 to be 4.0 × 1024 s-1 ( 0.29 kg s-1 ) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.

KW - atmosphere

KW - Ionospheres

KW - Mars

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33646743551&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020

DO - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.020

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:33646743551

SN - 0019-1035

VL - 182

SP - 320

EP - 328

JO - Icarus

JF - Icarus

IS - 2

ER -

Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars

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Keywords

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