TY - JOUR
T1 - Out of sight, Out of mind — but not Out of scope
T2 - The need to consider ozone (O3) in restoration science, policy, and practice
AU - Perring, Michael P
AU - Bullock, James M
AU - Allison, Jamie
AU - Holder, Amanda
AU - Hayes, Felicity
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank E. Dhiedt for preparing the drawings on Figure 1 . The authors also thank E. Fox, R. Hobbs, E. Rowe, and L. Jones and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. JMB is supported by NERC, through grant number NE/V006525/1 ‐ Restoring Resilient Ecosystems (RestREco).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Restoration Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Ecological Restoration.
PY - 2022/9/16
Y1 - 2022/9/16
N2 - Restoration ecologists have local- to global-scale ambitions in a policy framework of sustainable development goals and reversing biodiversity loss. Emphasis is given to environmental alteration, typically considering land degradation and climate change. Other related environmental drivers, such as pollution, receive less attention. Here we emphasize that terrestrial restoration discourse needs to consider tropospheric ozone (O
3) pollution. O
3's pervasive influence on plants and other ecosystem components provides for the possibility of consequences at community and ecosystem levels. The precursor chemicals that lead to O
3 formation are increasing, precipitously so in rapidly industrializing regions of the world. Yet, a review of critical restoration guidance and journals suggests that because O
3 is out of sight, it remains out of mind. Based on a narrative cross-discipline literature review, we examine: (1) How O
3 could affect the achievement of restoration goals and (2) How restoration interventions could feedback on tropospheric O
3. Evidence, currently limited, suggests that O
3 could impair the achievement of restoration goals to as great an extent as other drivers, but, in general, we lack direct quantification. Restoration interventions (e.g. tree planting) that may be considered successful can actually exacerbate O
3 pollution with negative consequences for food security and human health. These wide-ranging effects, across multiple goals, mean that O
3 is not out of scope for restoration science, policy, and practice. In detailing a strategic ozone-aware restoration agenda, we suggest how restoration science and policy can quantify O
3's influence, while outlining steps practitioners can take to adapt to/mitigate the impacts of O
3 pollution.
AB - Restoration ecologists have local- to global-scale ambitions in a policy framework of sustainable development goals and reversing biodiversity loss. Emphasis is given to environmental alteration, typically considering land degradation and climate change. Other related environmental drivers, such as pollution, receive less attention. Here we emphasize that terrestrial restoration discourse needs to consider tropospheric ozone (O
3) pollution. O
3's pervasive influence on plants and other ecosystem components provides for the possibility of consequences at community and ecosystem levels. The precursor chemicals that lead to O
3 formation are increasing, precipitously so in rapidly industrializing regions of the world. Yet, a review of critical restoration guidance and journals suggests that because O
3 is out of sight, it remains out of mind. Based on a narrative cross-discipline literature review, we examine: (1) How O
3 could affect the achievement of restoration goals and (2) How restoration interventions could feedback on tropospheric O
3. Evidence, currently limited, suggests that O
3 could impair the achievement of restoration goals to as great an extent as other drivers, but, in general, we lack direct quantification. Restoration interventions (e.g. tree planting) that may be considered successful can actually exacerbate O
3 pollution with negative consequences for food security and human health. These wide-ranging effects, across multiple goals, mean that O
3 is not out of scope for restoration science, policy, and practice. In detailing a strategic ozone-aware restoration agenda, we suggest how restoration science and policy can quantify O
3's influence, while outlining steps practitioners can take to adapt to/mitigate the impacts of O
3 pollution.
KW - UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
KW - air pollution
KW - biodiversity
KW - climate change
KW - nitrogen deposition
KW - restoration targets
KW - tropospheric ozone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128253092&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/rec.13622
DO - 10.1111/rec.13622
M3 - Review Article
SN - 1061-2971
VL - 30
JO - Restoration Ecology
JF - Restoration Ecology
IS - 7
M1 - e13622
ER -
