TY - JOUR
T1 - Rainfall in the Urban Area and Its Impact on Climatology and Population Growth
AU - da Silva Monteiro, Lua
AU - de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco
AU - Ghaffar, Bushra
AU - Tariq, Aqil
AU - Qin, Shujing
AU - Mumtaz, Faisal
AU - Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix
AU - Shah, Munawar
AU - da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, Alexandre Maniçoba
AU - da Silva, Marcos Vinícius
AU - de Barros Santiago, Dimas
AU - Barros, Heliofábio Gomes
AU - Mendes, David
AU - Abreu, Marcel Carvalho
AU - de Souza, Amaury
AU - Pimentel, Luiz Cláudio Gomes
AU - da Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra
AU - Aslam, Muhammad
AU - Kuriqi, Alban
N1 - Funding Information:
The research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund (52209068), Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (2020M682477), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042021kf0053).
Funding Information:
The second author would like to thank the research productivity grant from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) level 2 under process number 309681/2019−7. The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; Finance Code 001) and the Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE) for the graduate scholarships.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/10/1
Y1 - 2022/10/1
N2 - Due to the scarcity of studies linking the variability of rainfall and population growth in the capital cities of Northeastern Brazil (NEB), the purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability and multiscale interaction (annual and seasonal), and in addition, to detect their trends and the impact of urban growth. For this, monthly rainfall data between 1960 and 2020 were used. In addition, the detection of rainfall trends on annual and seasonal scales was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and compared with the phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The relationship between population growth data and rainfall data for different decades was established. Results indicate that the variability of multiscale urban rainfall is directly associated with the ENSO and PDO phases, followed by the performance of rain-producing meteorological systems in the NEB. In addition, the anthropic influence is shown in the relational pattern between population growth and the variability of decennial rainfall in the capitals of the NEB. However, no capital showed a significant trend of increasing annual rainfall (as in the case of Aracaju, Maceió, and Salvador). The observed population increase in the last decades in the capitals of the NEB and the notable decreasing trend of rainfall could compromise the region’s water security. Moreover, if there is no strategic planning about water bodies, these changes in the rainfall pattern could be compromising.
AB - Due to the scarcity of studies linking the variability of rainfall and population growth in the capital cities of Northeastern Brazil (NEB), the purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability and multiscale interaction (annual and seasonal), and in addition, to detect their trends and the impact of urban growth. For this, monthly rainfall data between 1960 and 2020 were used. In addition, the detection of rainfall trends on annual and seasonal scales was performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and compared with the phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The relationship between population growth data and rainfall data for different decades was established. Results indicate that the variability of multiscale urban rainfall is directly associated with the ENSO and PDO phases, followed by the performance of rain-producing meteorological systems in the NEB. In addition, the anthropic influence is shown in the relational pattern between population growth and the variability of decennial rainfall in the capitals of the NEB. However, no capital showed a significant trend of increasing annual rainfall (as in the case of Aracaju, Maceió, and Salvador). The observed population increase in the last decades in the capitals of the NEB and the notable decreasing trend of rainfall could compromise the region’s water security. Moreover, if there is no strategic planning about water bodies, these changes in the rainfall pattern could be compromising.
KW - NEB
KW - meteorological systems
KW - population growth
KW - urban rainfall
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140722498&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/atmos13101610
DO - 10.3390/atmos13101610
M3 - Article
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 13
JO - Atmosphere
JF - Atmosphere
IS - 10
M1 - 1610
ER -