Characterizing the Anti-Genotoxic Properties of Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Kamias) Leaf Extract against CPA (Cyproterone Acetate) and HCQ (Hydroxychloroquine) Using the Meristematic Roots of Allium cepa

  • Connie Luciano

Student thesis: Doctoral ThesisDoctor of Professional Studies

Abstract

Background & Objectives: This study aims to define the impact of Averrhoa bilimbi L. (commonly known as the cucumber tree) leaf extracts in reducing the genotoxic effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as indicated by Allium cepa meristematic root cells and root length.

Methods: Commercially obtained onion bulbs were obtained for the Philippine and UK experiments. The methodology was adopted from (Iqbal et al., 2019). (Marques et al., 2015; Oloyede & Larinde, 2019; Ribeiro et al., 2016) To assess the significant effect of the root length of onion, it was treated with leaf extracts of A. bilimbi L. with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5 & 10 %). The antioxidant properties of the A. bilimbi extract was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (Sharma & Bhat, 2009). The impact of A. bilimbi extracts on HCQ on roots was assessed at a molecular level using metabolomic approaches. The biochemicals in samples of treated roots were extracted into methanol: chloroform and measured using direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DIHRMS). The derived data were assessed via univariate and multivariate statistical approaches using the R-based platform, MetaboAnalyst.

Results and Conclusions: The research conducted in the Philippines found that CPA promoted root growth, while hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) suppressed it. However, Averrhoa bilimbi L. extract countered these effects. The study also found conflicting results in the UK experiment, focusing on the differences between treatment factors. The data suggests an equivocal effect of A. bilimbi extract on HCQ treatments, indicating the need for further experimentation with standard onion genotypes to assess potential antigenotoxic properties.
Date of Award2023
Original languageEnglish
Awarding Institution
  • Aberystwyth University
SupervisorLuis Mur (Supervisor) & John Doonan (Supervisor)

Keywords

  • genotoxic
  • cyproterone acetate (CPA)
  • hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)
  • Averrhoa bilimbi L.
  • Allium cepa

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